How to Improve VO2 Max: A Training Block Is Worth About a Decade. Your Watch Cannot See It Happen.

Fitness falls about 4.0 mL/kg/min a decade. Interval training adds about 5.5. The catch is that the device on your wrist misses by more than that.

Fitness falls about 4.0 mL/kg/min a decade. Interval training adds about 5.5. The catch is that the device on your wrist misses by more than that.
Across 99 studies comparing every recovery method, massage came first for soreness and fatigue. Then the largest review, 1,012 people, looked for a performance benefit and found none.

Seventeen studies and 319 people is the entire compression-boot literature, and the reviewers call the effects trivial to small. Passive tights scored better. Across 99 studies, massage won.

Fifty-two studies say cold water cuts soreness and restores power at 24 hours. A hot pack matched it. And twelve weeks of ice baths after lifting cost one group every gain the other made.

Twenty-five trials found a large effect on gum inflammation — and the reviewers graded their own evidence very low. Seventeen of those trials were in people with healthy mouths.

The sleepy girl mocktail runs on a study that finished with eight completers. Two pilots and 23 people is the entire sleep file — while the recovery evidence runs to two meta-analyses.

Six trials, 899 children: honey probably beats placebo and nothing at all, on moderate-certainty evidence. The advantage runs out at three days, and it must never go to a baby under one.

No published analysis of a creatine gummy exists. But creatine is documented to degrade in water and heat — and in moist heat-processed dog food, only 36% of it survived manufacturing.

Forty studies and 1,461 people say beta-alanine works — by a median 2.85%, only on how long you last, and only in efforts of one to four minutes. Body composition: nothing.

Glycinate is sold on absorption. Its one head-to-head trial found 23.5% versus 22.8% for cheap magnesium oxide, in twelve post-surgical patients. The healthy comparison favoured citrate.