128weightlifters in the 1961 study the deep-squat warning is usually traced to; trials since found squatters' knees no looserNOUnsupported

Are Squats Bad for Your Knees? The Warning’s Best-Known Source Is a 1961 Study of 128 Weightlifters. Squatters’ Knees Have Mostly Tested Fine Since. Hours of Squatting at Work Have Not.

Cartoon grid of 128 dots, the weightlifters measured in the 1961 study the deep-squat warning is usually traced to; beside it the figure 128

The deep-squat warning is usually traced to a 1961 study of 128 weightlifters. Trials since found squatters' knees no looser, and among 2,607 adults those who had strength trained had less knee arthritis; one trial pointed the other way. Hours of kneeling or squatting at work are a different matter. Most of the nine benefits of twenty squats a day rest on studies of something else.

15 gof CMC a day in the 11-day trial the video cites: about 5 to 11 times an FDA team's US estimate, by our arithmetic; French adults in a 92,000-person cohort averaged 3.8 mgMAYBEPreliminary

Are Emulsifiers Bad for You? They Inflamed Mouse Guts. In People, the Trials Are Small, Short and Split.

Cartoon bar chart at scale of grams of CMC a day: 15 g in the trial, 1.4 to 2.8 g in a US estimate for an adult, and a hairline for the French average of 3.8 mg; beside it the figure 15 g

Emulsifiers such as CMC and carrageenan inflamed the guts of mice. In short human trials they changed gut bacteria and, in two trials, how leaky the gut was, but none of the four trials in healthy people found more inflammation. In Crohn's disease, two trials split.

1.76 mmHgoff the top blood-pressure number on cocoa products against a flavanol-free or low-flavanol version, 40 comparisons lasting 2 to 18 weeks; 0.95 in the double-blind ones, which could be chance; that finding is rated Supported on its ownMAYBEPreliminary

Dark Chocolate Benefits: Cocoa Shaved About 1.8 mmHg Off Blood Pressure in Short Trials. The 21,442-Person Heart Trial Used Capsules, and Missed Its Main Goal.

Cartoon bar chart of the change in the top blood-pressure number on cocoa products: minus 1.76 mmHg across 40 comparisons, minus 0.95 in the double-blind ones, minus 1.08 without industry-employed authors and minus 4.00 when the top number started above 140, each with its range; beside it the figure 1.76 mmHg

Cocoa took about 1.8 mmHg off blood pressure in trials of 2 to 18 weeks, mostly of specially made drinks, capsules and bars. The largest heart trial, 21,442 older adults on cocoa capsules for 3.6 years, did not clearly cut heart attacks, strokes and other heart events, and the US regulator says its cocoa claim does not apply to chocolate. The EU allows a narrower claim, about blood vessels, only on dark chocolate that delivers 200 mg of cocoa flavanols a day.

82%rise in the main form of lycopene in the blood after five days of tomatoes stewed in olive oil; no clear change in those stewed without (23 adults, 2005)MOSTLYSupported

Lycopene Benefits: Cook Tomatoes With Oil and More Gets Into Your Blood. In Seven Trials, Tomatoes Didn’t Clearly Move the Scale.

Cartoon bar chart of blood lycopene before and after five days: tomatoes stewed with olive oil 175 then 319; stewed without 201 then 209; beside it the figure 82%

Tomatoes stewed with olive oil raised the main form of lycopene in the blood by 82% in five days; stewed without, it barely moved. That half of the advice holds up. The 20%-to-80% figure is not one we could trace, tomato trials made no clear dent in body weight, and the 55% stroke figure describes blood levels in 1,031 Finnish men.

56%the fall on a depression questionnaire, quoted as stress, in a study with no shamMAYBEPreliminary

Vagus Nerve Reset: The Neck Device’s 56% Drop in “Stress Symptoms” Was a Depression Score, From a Study With No Sham Group

Cartoon of a questionnaire headed depression questionnaire with a tag pinned to it reading sold as stress; beside it the figure 56%, the fall on a depression questionnaire in the seller-paid study, quoted as stress

A neck-worn stimulator sold on a health channel quotes a 56% drop in stress symptoms. In the seller-funded study behind it, 56% was the fall on a depression questionnaire, and nobody got a sham. The sham-controlled trials of neck stimulation are small and mixed. Cold water on the face and slow breathing do shift the heart's rhythm, while you do them.

9.1points less knee pain than a dummy on a 100-point scale after 12 weeks, in a double-blind trial of 70 people (2020)MAYBEPreliminary

Turmeric Benefits: Capsules May Take the Edge Off Knee Arthritis Pain. The Biggest Numbers Came From the Smallest Trials.

Cartoon of a capsule bottle; beside it the figure 9.1, the points less knee pain on a 100-point scale than a dummy after 12 weeks in a double-blind trial of 70 people

In trials of a few weeks to a few months, turmeric extract capsules eased knee arthritis pain a little more than a dummy did, and about as much as a modest dose of ibuprofen. The big pooled numbers rest on small trials, most of them paid for by the extract's maker, and the claims for blood sugar, fatty liver and PCOS rest on small, split evidence.

13people in the blood-sugar study the video cites; none was given a dummy capsule, and the extract's maker paid for itMAYBEPreliminary

The Study Behind Clove Coffee’s Blood-Sugar Claim: 13 People, No Comparison Group, Maker-Paid

Cartoon of thirteen dots marked 13 on the extract beside an empty dashed box marked no comparison group; beside them the figure 13, the people in the clove-extract blood-sugar study the video cites

The blood-sugar study behind a clove in your coffee gave 13 people a capsule of a clove extract its maker calls de-flavoured, with no comparison group, and the maker paid for it. Nobody has tested a clove in coffee, and the stomach claims rest on dishes and animals.

+0.1points of change on a 0-15 cellulite scale after 12 weeks of daily glute exercises (10.0 to 10.1); the women given real shock-wave treatment on top improved by 2.53 pointsNOUnsupported

How to Get Rid of Cellulite: Twelve Weeks of Daily Glute Exercises Left It Where It Was. Nothing Tested So Far Melts It.

Cartoon bar chart on a 0 to 15 cellulite scale, before and after twelve weeks of daily glute exercises: with a dummy treatment 10.0 then 10.1; with real shock waves on top 10.9 then 8.3; beside it the figure +0.1

In a randomised trial, twelve weeks of daily glute exercises left cellulite scores where they started. In a small five-month trial, a diet with 40% of its calories from carbohydrate, a modest cut rather than a true low-carb diet, improved neither weight nor cellulite. The treatments that helped, an injection and some devices, helped modestly, mostly in trials their makers paid for.

6.16mmHg off the top blood-pressure number on hibiscus tea or capsules compared with a dummy or no treatment, pooled from 12 comparisons in 10 small trials of four to eight weeks (2025 review)MAYBEPreliminary

Hibiscus Tea Benefits: A Few Points Off Blood Pressure in Small, Short Trials. Against Prescription Pills, the Trials Split.

Cartoon of a teacup; beside it the figure 6.16, the mmHg taken off the top blood-pressure number by hibiscus tea or capsules against a dummy or no treatment, pooled from 12 small comparisons

In small trials lasting weeks, hibiscus, as tea or capsules, took about 6 points off the top blood-pressure number compared with a dummy or no treatment, more in people whose pressure started higher. Against prescription pills the trials split: in nine head-to-head trials of hibiscus products, the drug did more in three, hibiscus did more in one, four against captopril found no clear difference, and the ninth favoured hibiscus only after treatment stopped. The strictest review found too few good trials to say whether it works in high blood pressure.

35%bigger rise in blood sugar over an hour from a maltodextrin-type glucose polymer than from the same weight of table sugar, in 14 young men; our arithmetic from the trial's figuresYESEstablished

Is Maltodextrin Bad for You? Gram for Gram, It Does Spike Blood Sugar More Than Table Sugar. “Worse Than Sugar” for Your Liver and Belly Fat Is Not What the Trials Found.

Cartoon bar chart of four bars at true scale: glucose 190, maltodextrin 178, table sugar 132 and fructose 72, the rise in blood sugar over an hour in 14 young men; beside it the figure 35%

Gram for gram, maltodextrin raises blood sugar about as much as pure glucose and more than table sugar, so that part of the viral claim is true. Worse than sugar for insulin resistance, belly fat or a fatty liver is another matter: trials of glucose against fructose and against table sugar found glucose no worse, and on some measures better. And the 65 to 250 pounds a year traces to nothing we could find.